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The following is a list of female composers, ordered by their year of birth.〔Print sources include the Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers, ed. by Julie Anne Sadie & Rhian Samuel (New York ; London : W.W. Norton, c1995), and Aaron I. Cohen, International Encyclopedia of Women Composers (NY: Books & Music, 1987).〕 Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Scholar Marcia Citron has asked "()hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?" 〔Citron, Marcia J. Gender and the Musical Canon. CUP Archive, 1993.〕 Citron "examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works." She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers.〔Citron, Marcia J. Gender and the Musical Canon. CUP Archive, 1993.〕 In the "...''Concise Oxford History of Music'', Clara Schumann is one of the only female composers mentioned." 〔http://rvanews.com/features/spacebomb-truth-lies-somewhere-in-between/49992 〕 Abbey Philips states that "()uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts." 〔http://rvanews.com/features/spacebomb-truth-lies-somewhere-in-between/49992 〕 Some notable composers include: Hildegard von Bingen (1098–1179), a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath. Fanny Mendelssohn (1805–1847); Clara Schumann (1819–1896); Amy Beach (1867–1944); Nadia Boulanger (1887–1979); Lili Boulanger (1893–1918); Imogen Holst (1907–1984); Violet Archer (1913–2000); and Thea Musgrave (born 1928). Female composers are also listed alphabetically at List of female composers by name. ==Until 1500== * Sappho (born c. 612 BCE) * Khosrovidukht (fl. early 8th century) * Sahakdukht (fl. early 8th century) * Kassia (c.810–before 867) * Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179) * Azalais de Porcairagues (fl. mid-12th century) * Iseut de Capio (c.1140–?) * Tibors (fl. mid-12th century) * Marie de France (1175?–1225?) * Alamanda de Castelnau (fl. second half of 12th century) * Maria de Ventadorn (fl. late 12th century) * Beatritz de Dia (fl. late 12th/early 13th centuries) * Blanche of Castile (1188–1252) * Castelloza (fl. early 13th century) * Dame Margot (fl. 13th century) * Duchess of Lorraine (fl. 13th century) * Maroie de Dregnau de Lille (fl. 13th century) * Dame Maroie (fl. 13th century) * Garsenda de Proensa (fl. early 13th century) * Birgitta of Sweden (c.1303–c.1373) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of female composers by birth year」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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